Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Gravitation
1. Gravitation is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. In everyday life, gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped. Gravitation causes dispersed matter to coalesce, and coalesced matter to remain intact, thus accounting for the existence of the Earth, the Sun, and most of the macroscopic objects in the universe.
2. Gravitation is responsible for keeping the Earth and the other planets in their orbits around the Sun; for keeping the Moon in its orbit around the Earth; for the formation of tides; for natural convection, by which fluid flow occurs under the influence of a density gradient and gravity; for heating the interiors of forming stars and planets to very high temperatures; and for various other phenomena observed on the Earth.
3. Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, along with electromagnetism, and the nuclear strong force and weak force. Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity by Einstein, in which it is a consequence of the curvature of spacetime governing the motion of inertial objects. The simpler Newton’s law of universal gravitation provides an accurate approximation for most physical situations.
Gravitation
1. Gravitation is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. In everyday life, gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped. Gravitation causes dispersed matter to coalesce, and coalesced matter to remain intact, thus accounting for the existence of the Earth, the Sun, and most of the macroscopic objects in the universe.
2. Gravitation is responsible for keeping the Earth and the other planets in their orbits around the Sun; for keeping the Moon in its orbit around the Earth; for the formation of tides; for natural convection, by which fluid flow occurs under the influence of a density gradient and gravity; for heating the interiors of forming stars and planets to very high temperatures; and for various other phenomena observed on the Earth.
3. Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, along with electromagnetism, and the nuclear strong force and weak force. Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity by Einstein, in which it is a consequence of the curvature of spacetime governing the motion of inertial objects. The simpler Newton’s law of universal gravitation provides an accurate approximation for most physical situations.
Определите основную идею текста.
✓ Gravitation is a very important natural phenomenon affecting the life of our universe.
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, выделить главные компоненты содержания текста, то есть определить основную идею текстовой информации.
В тексте говорится о том, что
1) гравитация – это очень важное явление природы («…gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped» – фрагмент 1; «Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, along with electromagnetism, and the nuclear strong force and weak force» – фрагмент 3);
2) гравитация играет очень важную роль в жизни нашей Вселенной («Gravitation causes dispersed matter to coalesce, and coalesced matter to remain intact, thus accounting for the existence of the Earth, the Sun, and most of the macroscopic objects in the universe» – фрагмент 1; «Gravitation is responsible for keeping the Earth and the other planets in their orbits around the Sun; for keeping the Moon in its orbit around the Earth; for the formation of tides; for natural convection…» – фрагмент 2);
3) гравитация всегда привлекала и привлекает пристальное внимание ученых («Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity by Einstein… The simpler Newton’s law of universal gravitation provides an accurate approximation for most physical situations» – фрагмент 3).
Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «Gravitation is a very important natural phenomenon affecting the life of our Universe» («Гравитация – это очень важное природное явление, воздействующее на жизнь нашей Вселенной»).
В тексте говорится о том, что
1) гравитация – это очень важное явление природы («…gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped» – фрагмент 1; «Gravitation is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, along with electromagnetism, and the nuclear strong force and weak force» – фрагмент 3);
2) гравитация играет очень важную роль в жизни нашей Вселенной («Gravitation causes dispersed matter to coalesce, and coalesced matter to remain intact, thus accounting for the existence of the Earth, the Sun, and most of the macroscopic objects in the universe» – фрагмент 1; «Gravitation is responsible for keeping the Earth and the other planets in their orbits around the Sun; for keeping the Moon in its orbit around the Earth; for the formation of tides; for natural convection…» – фрагмент 2);
3) гравитация всегда привлекала и привлекает пристальное внимание ученых («Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity by Einstein… The simpler Newton’s law of universal gravitation provides an accurate approximation for most physical situations» – фрагмент 3).
Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «Gravitation is a very important natural phenomenon affecting the life of our Universe» («Гравитация – это очень важное природное явление, воздействующее на жизнь нашей Вселенной»).
