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Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
Определите основную идею текста.
✓ There exist two types of nuclear reactions, the energy of both of them being received consequently is used by people.
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В тексте говорится о том, что
1) существует два типа ядерной реакции («There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion» – фрагмент 1), при каждой из которых, вырабатывается энергия («Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy» – фрагмент 2; «Nuclear fusion… creates huge amounts of energy» – фрагмент 3);
2) каждый тип ядерной реакции имеет свой механизм производства энергии («Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy» – фрагмент 2; «At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy» – фрагмент 3);
3) реакция ядерного распада используется на атомных электростанциях («A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes» фрагмент 1; «Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction (nuclear fusion) as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations» – фрагмент 3);
4) энергия выделяемая при реакции ядерного слияния необходима нашей планете для существования («Nuclear fusion… takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth» – фрагмент 3) и является в настоящее время объектом изучения ученых («Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction (nuclear fusion) as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations» – фрагмент 3).
Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «There exist two types of nuclear reactions, the energy of both of them being received consequently is used by people» («Существует два типа ядерной реакции, причем энергия, полученная в результате обеих, используется людьми»).
В тексте говорится о том, что
1) существует два типа ядерной реакции («There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion» – фрагмент 1), при каждой из которых, вырабатывается энергия («Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy» – фрагмент 2; «Nuclear fusion… creates huge amounts of energy» – фрагмент 3);
2) каждый тип ядерной реакции имеет свой механизм производства энергии («Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy» – фрагмент 2; «At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy» – фрагмент 3);
3) реакция ядерного распада используется на атомных электростанциях («A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes» фрагмент 1; «Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction (nuclear fusion) as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations» – фрагмент 3);
4) энергия выделяемая при реакции ядерного слияния необходима нашей планете для существования («Nuclear fusion… takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth» – фрагмент 3) и является в настоящее время объектом изучения ученых («Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction (nuclear fusion) as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations» – фрагмент 3).
Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «There exist two types of nuclear reactions, the energy of both of them being received consequently is used by people» («Существует два типа ядерной реакции, причем энергия, полученная в результате обеих, используется людьми»).
