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Our history includes many great scientists. 1_______. Some of these changes were fundamental and scientists call them paradigm shifts. Before Copernicus’ time, most people in the West believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe and that everything else revolved around it. 2_______. Isaac Newton made a mechanical description of the universe and wrote laws of motion and gravitation and this led to the industrial revolution. 3_______. Albert Einstein explained, among other things, that everything comes from the same energy, that we are all parts of the same whole. 4_______. In some cases, however, the application of new knowledge has also caused destruction. History teaches us that opposites are inherent to nature – we construct and destroy, believe and doubt.
Our history includes many great scientists. 1_______. Some of these changes were fundamental and scientists call them paradigm shifts. Before Copernicus’ time, most people in the West believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe and that everything else revolved around it. 2_______. Isaac Newton made a mechanical description of the universe and wrote laws of motion and gravitation and this led to the industrial revolution. 3_______. Albert Einstein explained, among other things, that everything comes from the same energy, that we are all parts of the same whole. 4_______. In some cases, however, the application of new knowledge has also caused destruction. History teaches us that opposites are inherent to nature – we construct and destroy, believe and doubt.
There’s a regular air-service ________ those two cities.
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A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержится ответ на вопрос
What principle is microwave ovens heating based upon?
This house wants …
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What makes me really successful? It is the ability to plan my activities. I always plan everything in advance and try to stick to my schedule, though sometimes it’s rather difficult to do. That means I usually don’t waste time on thinking what to do. So I manage to do more than other students.
What makes me really successful? It is the ability to plan my activities. I always plan everything in advance and try to stick to my schedule, though sometimes it’s rather difficult to do. That means I usually don’t waste time on thinking what to do. So I manage to do more than other students.
She wouldn’t forgive him ________ all his apologies.
The International decimal system of _______ and measures is based on the metre and kilogram.
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Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they’re the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal’s strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it’s very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they’re the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal’s strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it’s very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
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A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Ответьте на вопрос
What is the peculiarity of heat penetration with microwaves?
Расположите пропущенные предложения в таком порядке, чтобы получился связный текст.
1_______. Based on capacity, speed and reliability they can be divided into three categories of computers:
1. The mainframe computers are computers used by large organizations like meteorological surveys and statistical institutes for performing bulk mathematical computations. 2_______.
2. The microcomputers are the most frequently used computers better known by the name of “personal computers”. 3_______.
3. The minicomputers like the mainframe computers are used by business organization. 4_______.
1_______. Based on capacity, speed and reliability they can be divided into three categories of computers:
1. The mainframe computers are computers used by large organizations like meteorological surveys and statistical institutes for performing bulk mathematical computations. 2_______.
2. The microcomputers are the most frequently used computers better known by the name of “personal computers”. 3_______.
3. The minicomputers like the mainframe computers are used by business organization. 4_______.
Употребите нужное местоимение.
There are new houses on _______ side of the street.
There are new houses on _______ side of the street.
The newspapers are likely _________ talking at any time.
Словом или словосочетанием, которое не относится к теме «Homes and Buildings», является …
Дополните диалог:
Julia: Mary, have you seen the jeans that I bought yesterday?
Mary: No, not yet!
Julia: You must see them. 1_______. And I had a 30 percent discount. I saved about 10 dollars, you know.
Mary: 2_______? What else did you buy at the sale?
Julia: Two lovely shirts for thirteen dollars each, and a hat.
Mary: So, how much have you saved all in all?
Julia: 3_______.
Mary: Did you take them to the bank?
Julia: 4_______.
Julia: Mary, have you seen the jeans that I bought yesterday?
Mary: No, not yet!
Julia: You must see them. 1_______. And I had a 30 percent discount. I saved about 10 dollars, you know.
Mary: 2_______? What else did you buy at the sale?
Julia: Two lovely shirts for thirteen dollars each, and a hat.
Mary: So, how much have you saved all in all?
Julia: 3_______.
Mary: Did you take them to the bank?
Julia: 4_______.
Употребите нужный модальный глагол или эквивалент модального глагола.
_______ I do the washing-up? I’m in a hurry.
_______ I do the washing-up? I’m in a hurry.
Употребите нужный артикль.
I have _______ uncle.
I have _______ uncle.
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Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they’re the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal’s strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it’s very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
Plasma Cutters
1. Modern industry depends on the manipulation of heavy metal and alloys. We need metals to build the tools and transportation necessary for day-to-day business. The reason is simple: metals are extremely strong and durable, so they’re the logical choice for most things that need to be especially big, especially sturdy, or both.
2. The funny thing is that metal’s strength is also a weakness: because metal is so good at resisting damage, it’s very difficult to manipulate and form into specialized pieces. People can precisely cut and manipulate the metals using the plasma cutter. The plasma cutter is actually a common tool that has been around since World War II.
3. Plasma cutters are not the only devices to harness the power of plasma. Neon signs, fluorescent lighting and plasma displays, just to name a few, all rely on it to get the job done. These devices use "cool" plasma. Though cool plasma cannot be used to cut metals, it has tons of other useful applications.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Modern industry relies on plasma cutters as …
Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
The English proverb says: every cook praises his own broth. One can not say English cookery is bad, but there is not a lot of variety in it in comparison with European cuisine. The English are very particular shout their meals. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
Breakfast time is between seven and nine a.m. A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal. It consists of juice, porridge, a rasher or two of bacon and eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. Many people like to begin with porridge with milk or cream and sugar, but no good Scotsman ever puts sugar on it, because Scotland is the home of porridge. For a change you can have sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham or perhaps fish.
The English proverb says: every cook praises his own broth. One can not say English cookery is bad, but there is not a lot of variety in it in comparison with European cuisine. The English are very particular shout their meals. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
Breakfast time is between seven and nine a.m. A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal. It consists of juice, porridge, a rasher or two of bacon and eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. Many people like to begin with porridge with milk or cream and sugar, but no good Scotsman ever puts sugar on it, because Scotland is the home of porridge. For a change you can have sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham or perhaps fish.
The measurement of the rate and direction of change in position of an object is …
During Peter I’s ______ Russia won many glorious victories.
The main industry of Washington D. C. is …
Формой имени существительного a hero во множественном числе является …
The process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies that provides the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society is …
Словом, которое не относится к теме «Main Fish Courses», является …
Дополните диалог подходящими по смыслу словами или предложениями.
Olga: My mother-in-law drinks such strong tea.
Nina: 1_______?
Olga: Because she has heart problems. Caffeine is not recommended for people with heart problems.
Nina: Does tea 2_______ much caffeine?
Olga: Yes, it does. A cup of strong tea contains more than 100 mg of 3_______.
Nina: I think that it is healthier for everybody to drink 4_______.
Olga: My mother-in-law drinks such strong tea.
Nina: 1_______?
Olga: Because she has heart problems. Caffeine is not recommended for people with heart problems.
Nina: Does tea 2_______ much caffeine?
Olga: Yes, it does. A cup of strong tea contains more than 100 mg of 3_______.
Nina: I think that it is healthier for everybody to drink 4_______.
An English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, who formulated the theory of universal gravitation is …
We did badly in the Japanese market so eventually we decided to cut our _______ and stop.
Выберите нужный союз.
John didn’t agree at first _______ later he changed his mind.
John didn’t agree at first _______ later he changed his mind.
Canada is one of the world’s leading ________ producers and exporters.
He turned _____at the very end of the party when nobody expected him to appear.
My youngest brother _______ a new job a week ago.
Словом, которое не относится к теме «A Car», является …
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Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
Определите основную идею текста.
Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
I’m really interested in getting this job as it is a useful introduction to the world of business. I’ve always dreamt of working in such a large company and get the experience of office work. To be honest, I haven’t had any working experience yet but I often help my aunt in her firm. I must say that I am responsible and can work hard which is always important in business. That’s why I think I am a good candidate for this job.
I’m really interested in getting this job as it is a useful introduction to the world of business. I’ve always dreamt of working in such a large company and get the experience of office work. To be honest, I haven’t had any working experience yet but I often help my aunt in her firm. I must say that I am responsible and can work hard which is always important in business. That’s why I think I am a good candidate for this job.
Употребите нужную видовременную форму глагола в страдательном залоге.
John _______ by Mary at the moment.
John _______ by Mary at the moment.
Stonehenge is a (an) ______ which is located in Britain.
A state of matter in which the matter behaves like a fluid with zero viscosity is …
The customs officer went through their bags looking _______ drugs.
The top of Christmas pudding in Great Britain is traditionally decorated with …
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Lake Superior is the 1_______ lake in the United States. It is 616 km long, and 258 km 2_______. The deepest part of the 3_______ is 405 m. It is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Its name 4_______ from French and means ‘upper’ lake. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana is the longest bridge in the world. It is 39 km long and it was completed in 1956.
Lake Superior is the 1_______ lake in the United States. It is 616 km long, and 258 km 2_______. The deepest part of the 3_______ is 405 m. It is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Its name 4_______ from French and means ‘upper’ lake. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana is the longest bridge in the world. It is 39 km long and it was completed in 1956.
Употребите нужный модальный глагол или эквивалент модального глагола.
He _______ do exercises every morning.
He _______ do exercises every morning.
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Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in one direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free. In Great Britain traffic keeps to the left. Motorcars, motorvans, buses and cyclists must all keep to the left side of the road. In most other countries traffic keeps to the right.
Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in one direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free. In Great Britain traffic keeps to the left. Motorcars, motorvans, buses and cyclists must all keep to the left side of the road. In most other countries traffic keeps to the right.
The Prime Minister’s Election _______ soon.
An American civil rights leader who fought through nonviolent action is …
Употребите нужную форму глагола.
We _______ our friends in London yesterday to tell them about the reunion.
We _______ our friends in London yesterday to tell them about the reunion.
Porcelain was first made by …
The present Prime Minister of the UK is …
The biggest state of the USA is …
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Dean: «_________________».
Teacher (subordinate): «So am I».
Dean: «_________________».
Teacher (subordinate): «So am I».
Формой имени существительного a country во множественном числе является …
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
‘When men first flew in space, they were amazed to 1_______ that the only men-made object visible from 2_______ was the Great Wall of China’. This is a nice idea, but it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very 3_______ to see even from an aeroplane flying at a mere 15 kilometres 4_______. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires of African desert people and the lights of fishing boats off Japan.
‘When men first flew in space, they were amazed to 1_______ that the only men-made object visible from 2_______ was the Great Wall of China’. This is a nice idea, but it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very 3_______ to see even from an aeroplane flying at a mere 15 kilometres 4_______. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires of African desert people and the lights of fishing boats off Japan.
One of Canada’s prominent national symbols is the …
I liked________essay you had brought the other day very much.
The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others is …
Прочитайте текст.
Personal computers (or microcomputers) were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer’s CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
Закончите предложение:
A complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed …
Personal computers (or microcomputers) were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer’s CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
Закончите предложение:
A complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed …
The Russian people _______ invincible.
Формой притяжательного падежа подчеркнутого имени существительного an hour – break является …
There are ________ provinces and territories in Canada.
They should arrive ________ the airport in about an hour.
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Renewable energy
1. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.
2. The majority of renewable energy technologies are powered by the sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium so that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth’s "climate."
3. The hydrosphere absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents. Wave motion may play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean through wind stress. Solar energy is also responsible for the distribution of precipitation which is tapped by hydroelectric projects, and for the growth of plants used to create biofuels.
4. While most renewable energy projects and production is large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. Some renewable energy technologies are criticized for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the renewable energy market continues to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Renewable energy
1. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.
2. The majority of renewable energy technologies are powered by the sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium so that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth’s "climate."
3. The hydrosphere absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents. Wave motion may play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean through wind stress. Solar energy is also responsible for the distribution of precipitation which is tapped by hydroelectric projects, and for the growth of plants used to create biofuels.
4. While most renewable energy projects and production is large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. Some renewable energy technologies are criticized for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the renewable energy market continues to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
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