Поиск правильных ответов
Дисциплина «Иностранный язык»
Список вопросов с ответами:
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Friend 1: «Will you come and see me tonight».
Friend 2: «________________».
Friend 1: «Will you come and see me tonight».
Friend 2: «________________».
Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Teachers are used to asking students to turn off their mobile phones but soon they could be a major classroom aid for teaching and learning. Three schools in the Richmond area are taking part in an innovative project in which students will use their mobile phones. Students can use their phones to get access to learning materials as more phones nowadays have links to the Internet.
Teachers are used to asking students to turn off their mobile phones but soon they could be a major classroom aid for teaching and learning. Three schools in the Richmond area are taking part in an innovative project in which students will use their mobile phones. Students can use their phones to get access to learning materials as more phones nowadays have links to the Internet.
Употребите нужную форму имени прилагательного.
Tom came home _______ than Jack.
Tom came home _______ than Jack.
Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова.
Internet access companies or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide physical connections that allow you to access the Internet. These connections are called “POPs”, which stands for “points of presence”.
Your computer uses a modem to dial into a POP, which connects you to the Internet. Once connected to a POP, you have access to all the resources of the Internet. Most ISPs will also supply you with software available for work in the Internet: a Web browser.
Internet access companies or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide physical connections that allow you to access the Internet. These connections are called “POPs”, which stands for “points of presence”.
Your computer uses a modem to dial into a POP, which connects you to the Internet. Once connected to a POP, you have access to all the resources of the Internet. Most ISPs will also supply you with software available for work in the Internet: a Web browser.
Словом, которое не относится к теме «Types of Dough and Baking Items», является …
Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Airships are huge balloons with propellers to drive them, and they were once used to carry as many as 200 passengers.
The airships were filled with hydrogen, a light gas. However, hydrogen is also inflammable. There were several disasters in which airships caught fire, and they disappeared by the end of the 1930s.
However, airships are now flying again, but they are not common. They are lifted by helium gas, which does not catch fire.
Airships are huge balloons with propellers to drive them, and they were once used to carry as many as 200 passengers.
The airships were filled with hydrogen, a light gas. However, hydrogen is also inflammable. There were several disasters in which airships caught fire, and they disappeared by the end of the 1930s.
However, airships are now flying again, but they are not common. They are lifted by helium gas, which does not catch fire.
The most prolific of all inventors in history, who patented 1,093 different inventions in the USA including the incandescent electric lamp, the motion-picture projector and the phonograph is …
The highest peak of the USA, Mount McKinley, is located in …
The son and heir of the monarch _______ the title «Prince of Wales».
Selling the same goods for a lower price abroad than at home is …
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
Until the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 Kbps was about the fastest 1_______ you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephone line. Today, you can buy a modem capable of a data 2_______ up to 56 Kbps. The key question for you is knowing what speed modems your Internet service provider (ISP) has. If your ISP has only 28.8 Kbps 3_______ on its end of the line, you could have the fastest modem in the world, and only be able to 4_______ at 28.8 Kbps. Before you invest in a 56 Kbps modem, make sure your ISP supports them.
Until the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 Kbps was about the fastest 1_______ you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephone line. Today, you can buy a modem capable of a data 2_______ up to 56 Kbps. The key question for you is knowing what speed modems your Internet service provider (ISP) has. If your ISP has only 28.8 Kbps 3_______ on its end of the line, you could have the fastest modem in the world, and only be able to 4_______ at 28.8 Kbps. Before you invest in a 56 Kbps modem, make sure your ISP supports them.
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
A: «Many happy returns of the day, Mary! Here’s your birthday present».
B: «__________________».
A: «Many happy returns of the day, Mary! Here’s your birthday present».
B: «__________________».
This is Mary Simpson. She’s the girl _______ works with me.
Do you want to spread _______ honey on your slice of bread?
Success in one _______ doesn’t influence another.
Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из заголовков соответствует тексту.
Benjamin Franklin is acknowledged to be the founder of the theory of atmospheric electricity. He was the first to prove that the lighting was an electrical phenomenon. Franklin developed a new theory of electricity that he called positive and negative. He finally invented a means of protection against the disastrous effects of lighting – the lighting rod. Franklin is known and respected all over the world not only as a scientist but also as a citizen who did as much as he could for the good of his country. Coming out in defence of the Afro-Americans, Franklin declared slavery to be not only an evil from the moral point of view, but also an obstacle to the social interests of America. He is thought to be one of the broadest as well as one of the most creative minds of his time.
Benjamin Franklin is acknowledged to be the founder of the theory of atmospheric electricity. He was the first to prove that the lighting was an electrical phenomenon. Franklin developed a new theory of electricity that he called positive and negative. He finally invented a means of protection against the disastrous effects of lighting – the lighting rod. Franklin is known and respected all over the world not only as a scientist but also as a citizen who did as much as he could for the good of his country. Coming out in defence of the Afro-Americans, Franklin declared slavery to be not only an evil from the moral point of view, but also an obstacle to the social interests of America. He is thought to be one of the broadest as well as one of the most creative minds of his time.
Прочитайте текст.
Many manufacturers add preservatives or additives to packaged or bottled juices. By far the most common added ingredient in juice is refined sugar. If you buy ready-made juices or the frozen concentrates, read the label to make sure that they have no added sugar or colourings, especially if you are giving them to children. For younger children, even pure fruit juices should always be diluted. Many juices are quite acidic and can damage young teeth or cause diarrhea if children drink them at full strength.
Many juices are quite acidic …
Many manufacturers add preservatives or additives to packaged or bottled juices. By far the most common added ingredient in juice is refined sugar. If you buy ready-made juices or the frozen concentrates, read the label to make sure that they have no added sugar or colourings, especially if you are giving them to children. For younger children, even pure fruit juices should always be diluted. Many juices are quite acidic and can damage young teeth or cause diarrhea if children drink them at full strength.
Many juices are quite acidic …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Automation
1. Automation is the use of control systems in concern with other applications of information technology to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
2. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.
3. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible.
Automation
1. Automation is the use of control systems in concern with other applications of information technology to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
2. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.
3. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
He will be late for the train if he _______ at once.
Словом (или выражением), которое не относится к теме «Elements of Computer System», является …
The long-distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters is …
The instructions for this new computer game are so complicated I can’t work _______ how to play it.
Прочитайте текст.
Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices.
One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.
Закончите предложение:
The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of …
Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices.
One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.
Закончите предложение:
The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of …
Quite luckily, Nick’s departure was delayed by one day and so we ________ to spend one more evening together.
The term of the ________ has a maximum duration of five years.
A phenomenon of zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature is …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.
Антонимом к слову normal является …
Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого грамматического явления.
The WWW is merely a subset of information published on the Internet. The only thing distinguishing information on the Web from other types of information on the Internet is the format in which the information is published. Web documents are published in Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML). In order to put up a web page of your own, whether individual or business, you need to get access to the WWW by either renting space on an existing commercial Web server, or by putting up your own Web server and paying for a connection to someone else’s data pipeline.
The WWW is merely a subset of information published on the Internet. The only thing distinguishing information on the Web from other types of information on the Internet is the format in which the information is published. Web documents are published in Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML). In order to put up a web page of your own, whether individual or business, you need to get access to the WWW by either renting space on an existing commercial Web server, or by putting up your own Web server and paying for a connection to someone else’s data pipeline.
His ________ on tests did not allow him to go on with studies.
Употребите нужную форму глагола.
Last night I _______ home at 11.
Last night I _______ home at 11.
Буква e под ударением будет читаться как [i
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Thermal radiation
1. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. The mechanism is that bodies with a temperature above absolute zero have atoms or molecules with kinetic energies which are changing, and these changes result in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation of the charges that compose the atoms. This motion of charges produces electromagnetic radiation in the usual way. However, the side spectrum of this radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations of the charges in any piece of matter at even a single temperature.
2. Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Thermal radiation is different from thermal convection and thermal conduction – a person near a raging bonfire feels radiant heating from the fire, even if the surrounding air is very cold.
3. Sunlight is thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. The Earth also emits thermal radiation, but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth’s absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.
Thermal radiation
1. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. The mechanism is that bodies with a temperature above absolute zero have atoms or molecules with kinetic energies which are changing, and these changes result in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation of the charges that compose the atoms. This motion of charges produces electromagnetic radiation in the usual way. However, the side spectrum of this radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations of the charges in any piece of matter at even a single temperature.
2. Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Thermal radiation is different from thermal convection and thermal conduction – a person near a raging bonfire feels radiant heating from the fire, even if the surrounding air is very cold.
3. Sunlight is thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. The Earth also emits thermal radiation, but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth’s absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.
Основной идеей текста является …
Употребите нужный фразовый глагол.
Can you _______ the word in the dictionary?
Can you _______ the word in the dictionary?
We have to _______ on water during the dry season.
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
How the material to be shaped is called?
Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.
How the material to be shaped is called?
Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.
Few people like him _______ of his bad manners.
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Channels of Marketing
1. Individual consumers and corporate buyers are aware that thousands of goods and services are available through a very large number of diverse channel outlets. What they may not be well aware of is the fact that the channel structure, or the set of institutions, agencies, and establishments through which the product must move to get to them, can be amazingly complex.
2. Usually, institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and many other areas join forces in marketing channel arrangements to make possible the delivery of goods to industrial users or customers and to final consumers. The same is true for the marketing of services. For example, in the case of health care delivery, hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, and drugstores combine efforts in an organized channel arrangement to ensure the delivery of a critical service.
3. Therefore, marketing channels can be viewed as sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. Not only do marketing channels satisfy demand by supplying goods and services at the right place, quantity, quality, and price, but they also stimulate demand through the promotional activities of the units (e.g., retailers, manufacturers’ representatives, sales offices, and wholesalers) comprising them.
4. The major focus of marketing channel management is on delivery. Producers of goods (including manufacturers of industrial and consumer goods, legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies) are individually capable of generating only form or structural utility for their «products».
Channels of Marketing
1. Individual consumers and corporate buyers are aware that thousands of goods and services are available through a very large number of diverse channel outlets. What they may not be well aware of is the fact that the channel structure, or the set of institutions, agencies, and establishments through which the product must move to get to them, can be amazingly complex.
2. Usually, institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and many other areas join forces in marketing channel arrangements to make possible the delivery of goods to industrial users or customers and to final consumers. The same is true for the marketing of services. For example, in the case of health care delivery, hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, and drugstores combine efforts in an organized channel arrangement to ensure the delivery of a critical service.
3. Therefore, marketing channels can be viewed as sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. Not only do marketing channels satisfy demand by supplying goods and services at the right place, quantity, quality, and price, but they also stimulate demand through the promotional activities of the units (e.g., retailers, manufacturers’ representatives, sales offices, and wholesalers) comprising them.
4. The major focus of marketing channel management is on delivery. Producers of goods (including manufacturers of industrial and consumer goods, legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies) are individually capable of generating only form or structural utility for their «products».
I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow, but ________ I do.
Выберите нужный союз.
Jake managed to get inside _______ they were talking.
Jake managed to get inside _______ they were talking.
Установите соответствие между именем числительным и вариантом его чтения:
1) 27
2)
3) 2.7
4) 270
1) 27
2)
3) 2.7
4) 270
They used to spend their summer holidays in …
Употребите нужный предлог.
One can learn to play the guitar _______ two months.
One can learn to play the guitar _______ two months.
She gave him _______ water to wash his hands and face.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Thermal radiation
1. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. The mechanism is that bodies with a temperature above absolute zero have atoms or molecules with kinetic energies which are changing, and these changes result in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation of the charges that compose the atoms. This motion of charges produces electromagnetic radiation in the usual way. However, the side spectrum of this radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations of the charges in any piece of matter at even a single temperature.
2. Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Thermal radiation is different from thermal convection and thermal conduction – a person near a raging bonfire feels radiant heating from the fire, even if the surrounding air is very cold.
3. Sunlight is thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. The Earth also emits thermal radiation, but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth’s absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.
Thermal radiation
1. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. The mechanism is that bodies with a temperature above absolute zero have atoms or molecules with kinetic energies which are changing, and these changes result in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation of the charges that compose the atoms. This motion of charges produces electromagnetic radiation in the usual way. However, the side spectrum of this radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations of the charges in any piece of matter at even a single temperature.
2. Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Thermal radiation is different from thermal convection and thermal conduction – a person near a raging bonfire feels radiant heating from the fire, even if the surrounding air is very cold.
3. Sunlight is thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. The Earth also emits thermal radiation, but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth’s absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Thermal radiation occurs …
Употребите нужный фразовый глагол.
Would you like _______ tomorrow evening?
Would you like _______ tomorrow evening?
Some old laws are no longer …
He has succeeded in ________ a new job.
Дополните диалог:
Olga: Alex, I need your help badly. I’d like you to have a look at my table lamp.
Alex: What’s wrong with it?
Olga: 1_______. I was writing my coursework when suddenly the light went off. Can you repair it?
Alex: I’ll try. Give me the lamp.
Olga: 2_______?
Alex: No wonder the light doesn’t work. The bulb has a broken filament.
Olga: What do you mean?
Alex: The bulb has simply burnt out. All we have to do is to turn the burnt bulb out of the socket and replace it with a new bulb. Do you have one?
Olga: 3_______.
Alex: OK. Don’t sit up too late anyway. I’ll ask Irene to bring you a new bulb. Don’t switch on the power till you have turned it into the socket.
Olga: I won’t. 4_______.
Olga: Alex, I need your help badly. I’d like you to have a look at my table lamp.
Alex: What’s wrong with it?
Olga: 1_______. I was writing my coursework when suddenly the light went off. Can you repair it?
Alex: I’ll try. Give me the lamp.
Olga: 2_______?
Alex: No wonder the light doesn’t work. The bulb has a broken filament.
Olga: What do you mean?
Alex: The bulb has simply burnt out. All we have to do is to turn the burnt bulb out of the socket and replace it with a new bulb. Do you have one?
Olga: 3_______.
Alex: OK. Don’t sit up too late anyway. I’ll ask Irene to bring you a new bulb. Don’t switch on the power till you have turned it into the socket.
Olga: I won’t. 4_______.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Nanotechnology
1. Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.
2. Molecular nanotechnology describes engineered nanosystems operating on the molecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology is especially associated with the molecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis.
3. In general it is very difficult to assemble devices on the atomic scale, as all one has to position atoms are other atoms of comparable size and stickiness. Another view, put forth by Carlo Montemagno, is that future nanosystems will be hybrids of silicon technology and biological molecular machines. Yet another view, put forward by the late Richard Smalley, is that mechanosynthesis is impossible due to the difficulties in mechanically manipulating individual molecules.
4. There has been much debate on the future implications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics and energy production.
On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Nanotechnology
1. Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.
2. Molecular nanotechnology describes engineered nanosystems operating on the molecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology is especially associated with the molecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis.
3. In general it is very difficult to assemble devices on the atomic scale, as all one has to position atoms are other atoms of comparable size and stickiness. Another view, put forth by Carlo Montemagno, is that future nanosystems will be hybrids of silicon technology and biological molecular machines. Yet another view, put forward by the late Richard Smalley, is that mechanosynthesis is impossible due to the difficulties in mechanically manipulating individual molecules.
4. There has been much debate on the future implications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics and energy production.
On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Ответьте на вопрос
What problem do scientists dealing with molecular nanotechnology face?
Дополните диалог:
Helen: How did you like the films?
Kate: 1_______. The plot is very primitive, the acting is poor. Don’t you think so?
Helen: 2_______. I enjoyed the first film. 3_______. I was carried away by the plot. The other film is weaker.
Kate: 4_______.
Helen: That’s right.
Helen: How did you like the films?
Kate: 1_______. The plot is very primitive, the acting is poor. Don’t you think so?
Helen: 2_______. I enjoyed the first film. 3_______. I was carried away by the plot. The other film is weaker.
Kate: 4_______.
Helen: That’s right.
Дополните диалог:
Alice: Where are you going, Paul?
Paul: 1_______.
Alice: Do you often work in the Internet centre?
Paul: Not very often. But I like to work 2_______.
Alice: As far as I’m concerned, a computer is almost a human machine!
Paul: Oh, I believe that 3_______. A computer usually replaces people in dull, routine tasks. It works according to 4_______, given to it.
Alice: In my opinion, it’s a fascinating machine.
Paul: Exactly.
Alice: Where are you going, Paul?
Paul: 1_______.
Alice: Do you often work in the Internet centre?
Paul: Not very often. But I like to work 2_______.
Alice: As far as I’m concerned, a computer is almost a human machine!
Paul: Oh, I believe that 3_______. A computer usually replaces people in dull, routine tasks. It works according to 4_______, given to it.
Alice: In my opinion, it’s a fascinating machine.
Paul: Exactly.
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Student: «I hear you have defended your graduation project. Congratulations!»
Student: «_____________»
Student: «I hear you have defended your graduation project. Congratulations!»
Student: «_____________»
At present the head of the Commonwealth is Queen Elizabeth II. However, when the monarch dies, the successor to the crown ________ Head of the Commonwealth.
Shall I send the letter? – No, don’t worry about it. It …
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Manager: «Have you received the documents, Mrs Nolan?»
Secretary: «_______________».
Manager: «Have you received the documents, Mrs Nolan?»
Secretary: «_______________».
He eventually managed to come _______ a solution.
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Receptionist: «________________».
Guest: «I’d like a single room for one night».
Receptionist: «________________».
Guest: «I’d like a single room for one night».
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Electromagnetism
1. Electricity and magnetism combine to form one of the fundamental forces of the universe – electromagnetism. The two constantly interact, and the relationship between them is one of the most important in physics. For example, an electric current passing through a wire creates a magnetic field; and if the lines of force around a magnet are cut by a passing object, an electric current will be produced.
2. Magnets are attracted to iron and to any material that contains iron. Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. Unmagnetized iron and steel have magnetic regions of atoms called domains that are jumbled up and point in lots of different directions. When iron or steel becomes magnetized, the domains become aligned and they all point in the same direction. One end of each domain points toward the magnetic north pole.
3. Electronics is a new branch of physics, and one that plays an increasingly important part in our lives. It is concerned with the use of electricity to produce signals that carry information and control devices such as computers. These devices contain electric circuits through which electric current flows. The controlling parts in a circuit are called components, and these include diodes and transistors. Components can amplify currents, switch them on and off, or change their direction.
Electromagnetism
1. Electricity and magnetism combine to form one of the fundamental forces of the universe – electromagnetism. The two constantly interact, and the relationship between them is one of the most important in physics. For example, an electric current passing through a wire creates a magnetic field; and if the lines of force around a magnet are cut by a passing object, an electric current will be produced.
2. Magnets are attracted to iron and to any material that contains iron. Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. Unmagnetized iron and steel have magnetic regions of atoms called domains that are jumbled up and point in lots of different directions. When iron or steel becomes magnetized, the domains become aligned and they all point in the same direction. One end of each domain points toward the magnetic north pole.
3. Electronics is a new branch of physics, and one that plays an increasingly important part in our lives. It is concerned with the use of electricity to produce signals that carry information and control devices such as computers. These devices contain electric circuits through which electric current flows. The controlling parts in a circuit are called components, and these include diodes and transistors. Components can amplify currents, switch them on and off, or change their direction.
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A lot of slithering silver fish make an attractive sight in the market – red mullet, sea bream, sea bass and the delicious swordfish. You will also find octopus, squid and cuttlefish.
Moving on to the meat stalls, you’ll see plenty of red carcasses. After all, what self-respecting cook would accept meat wrapped in polyethylene?
Meat is eaten very fresh, and you may well notice the difference in flavour. Lamb and beef are lean and tasty and have excellent quality. Goat has a pleasant, slightly gamy flavour; it’s very lean and well worth trying.
A lot of slithering silver fish make an attractive sight in the market – red mullet, sea bream, sea bass and the delicious swordfish. You will also find octopus, squid and cuttlefish.
Moving on to the meat stalls, you’ll see plenty of red carcasses. After all, what self-respecting cook would accept meat wrapped in polyethylene?
Meat is eaten very fresh, and you may well notice the difference in flavour. Lamb and beef are lean and tasty and have excellent quality. Goat has a pleasant, slightly gamy flavour; it’s very lean and well worth trying.
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