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A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
A microwave oven
1. A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating.
2. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electromagnetic field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.
3. Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate). Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.
4. A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to infrared or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
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Заполните пропуски в инструкции следующими словами:
1) A gauge should be used for 1_______ tyre pressures.
2) If you want to raise a car, a jack should be used, not 2_______.
3) Don’t run 3_______!
4) To tighten and 4_______ nuts and bolts you should use a wrench.
1) A gauge should be used for 1_______ tyre pressures.
2) If you want to raise a car, a jack should be used, not 2_______.
3) Don’t run 3_______!
4) To tighten and 4_______ nuts and bolts you should use a wrench.
This story is worth reading. Who wrote it? – It _______ by Jack London.
Употребите нужную форму глагола.
My colleagues usually _______ four days a week.
My colleagues usually _______ four days a week.
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The Quantum Concept is a concept of accumulation. According to Quantum Physics, the physical world around us is composed of individual “packets of energy”, that is, packets that contain energy just as packets of sugar contain sugar. This individual packet of energy forms particles, and particles form atoms. When energy cools off, it accumulates and forms matter.
Our planet, for example, is a living system that results from the accumulation of matter. We can also see the Quantum characteristic of nature in many other aspects of life: a society, for example, which is made up of a group of individuals, or knowledge, which is the result of the accumulation of experience.
The Quantum Concept is a concept of accumulation. According to Quantum Physics, the physical world around us is composed of individual “packets of energy”, that is, packets that contain energy just as packets of sugar contain sugar. This individual packet of energy forms particles, and particles form atoms. When energy cools off, it accumulates and forms matter.
Our planet, for example, is a living system that results from the accumulation of matter. We can also see the Quantum characteristic of nature in many other aspects of life: a society, for example, which is made up of a group of individuals, or knowledge, which is the result of the accumulation of experience.
Заполните пропуски в инструкции следующими словами и фразами:
HOW TO CREATE A DOMAIN NAME?
1. You select an Internet Service Provider 1_______.
2. The service provider registers your company with the InterNIC – 2_______.
3. A unique domain name, of your choosing, is assigned to your business or organization. For example, sun.com, indiana.edu, nasa.gov, neosoft.com.
4. One or more IP network numbers are assigned to you. For example, 198.64.6. Internet zone tables are updated 3_______, the mapping between your domain name and network numbers, and to show that the route to your network is through your 4_______.
HOW TO CREATE A DOMAIN NAME?
1. You select an Internet Service Provider 1_______.
2. The service provider registers your company with the InterNIC – 2_______.
3. A unique domain name, of your choosing, is assigned to your business or organization. For example, sun.com, indiana.edu, nasa.gov, neosoft.com.
4. One or more IP network numbers are assigned to you. For example, 198.64.6. Internet zone tables are updated 3_______, the mapping between your domain name and network numbers, and to show that the route to your network is through your 4_______.
I hope nobody disturbs me; my favourite television programme will be ______ in five minutes.
Police are looking _______ the robbery in Oxford Street that happened last week.
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The fixed-line telephones in most residential homes are analogue – that is, the speaker’s voice directly determines the signal’s voltage. Although short-distance calls may be handled from end-to-end as analogue signals, telephone service providers are transparently converting the signal to digital for transmission before converting them back to analogue for reception. The advantage of this is that digitized voice data can travel side-by-side with data from the Internet and can be perfectly reproduced in long distance communication (as opposed to analogue signals that are inevitably impacted by noise).
The fixed-line telephones in most residential homes are analogue – that is, the speaker’s voice directly determines the signal’s voltage. Although short-distance calls may be handled from end-to-end as analogue signals, telephone service providers are transparently converting the signal to digital for transmission before converting them back to analogue for reception. The advantage of this is that digitized voice data can travel side-by-side with data from the Internet and can be perfectly reproduced in long distance communication (as opposed to analogue signals that are inevitably impacted by noise).
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All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it’s available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.
All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it’s available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.
I passed the exam, but I am still waiting to get my …
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Technology
1. Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, and crafts, or is systems or methods of organization, or is a material product of these things. The word technology comes from the Greek technolog
Technology
1. Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, and crafts, or is systems or methods of organization, or is a material product of these things. The word technology comes from the Greek technolog
One of the most popular, very slow and long English summer games played on a green field by two teams of eleven players each is called …
Употребите нужную видовременную форму глагола в страдательном залоге.
She _______ from her sleep by his singing.
She _______ from her sleep by his singing.
He asked the student to _______ the unit of resistance more accurately.
Nanomaterials are excellent filters for _______ heavy metals and other pollutants from industrial wastewater.
Mary hasn’t seen her distant relatives ________ three years.
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Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He was the eldest of three boys. His father and grandfather were musicians.
Ludwig started learning the violin and piano at a very early age. In 1783 his first composition was published. When he was 17, he travelled to Vienna to study under Mozart. But soon he returned to Bonn because of his mother’s illness. In 1795 he gave his first performance as a pianist. It was a success. In the late 1790s, Beethoven began to lose his hearing and by 1819 he was completely deaf. It was during this period that he wrote some of his most famous compositions like ‘Moonlight’ (1801), ‘Pastoral’ (1808). After he became deaf, he continued to compose great music. In his later years, he was lonely, depressed and didn’t write much.
Beethoven died on March 26, 1827 in Vienna. More than 10, 000 people came to his funeral.
Beethoven was the first composer who used music to express deep feelings and ideas. Even today he is, for many people, the greatest composer ever.
Закончите предложение:
Mozart gave his first performance as a pianist in …
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He was the eldest of three boys. His father and grandfather were musicians.
Ludwig started learning the violin and piano at a very early age. In 1783 his first composition was published. When he was 17, he travelled to Vienna to study under Mozart. But soon he returned to Bonn because of his mother’s illness. In 1795 he gave his first performance as a pianist. It was a success. In the late 1790s, Beethoven began to lose his hearing and by 1819 he was completely deaf. It was during this period that he wrote some of his most famous compositions like ‘Moonlight’ (1801), ‘Pastoral’ (1808). After he became deaf, he continued to compose great music. In his later years, he was lonely, depressed and didn’t write much.
Beethoven died on March 26, 1827 in Vienna. More than 10, 000 people came to his funeral.
Beethoven was the first composer who used music to express deep feelings and ideas. Even today he is, for many people, the greatest composer ever.
Закончите предложение:
Mozart gave his first performance as a pianist in …
Christine and Andrew knew happiness, _________ they were so poor.
A branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality – that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, justice, etc. is …
I ________ play basketball, I’m too short.
Буква o под ударением будет читаться как [ou] в слове …
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It is noted that a suspension, which is another kind of liquid mixture, greatly differs from a solution. A suspension may be demonstrated by placing some sand in a glass of water and then stirring the mixture violently for a moment. If this is done, the two substances mix but no solution is effected. The particles of sand, being larger than any of particles of the true solution, mix for a while, but since they move about less freely, they finally settle on the bottom when agitation of the mixture ceases.
Закончите предложение:
It is noted that a suspension …
It is noted that a suspension, which is another kind of liquid mixture, greatly differs from a solution. A suspension may be demonstrated by placing some sand in a glass of water and then stirring the mixture violently for a moment. If this is done, the two substances mix but no solution is effected. The particles of sand, being larger than any of particles of the true solution, mix for a while, but since they move about less freely, they finally settle on the bottom when agitation of the mixture ceases.
Закончите предложение:
It is noted that a suspension …
I really liked James’s last book but this one is not …
Употребите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола.
What _______ you do last night?
What _______ you do last night?
A branch of physics that studies the elementary subatomic constituents of matter and radiation, and their interactions is …
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Electrical engineering
1. Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century. The first electrical engineer was probably William Gilbert who designed the versorium: a device that detected the presence of statically charged objects. He was also the first to draw a clear distinction between magnetism and static electricity and is credited with establishing the term electricity. In 1775 Alessandro Volta‘s scientific experimentations devised the electrophorus, a device that produced a static electric charge, and by 1800 Volta developed the voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery.
2. Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. This field first became an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electric power distribution and use. It now covers a wide range of subfields including electronics, digital computers, power engineering, telecommunications, control systems, RF engineering, and signal processing.
3. Electrical engineering may include electronic engineering. Where a distinction is made, usually outside of the United States, electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with systems such as electric power transmission and electrical machines, whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of electronic systems including computers, communication systems, integrated circuits, and radar. From a different point-of-view, electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit electric power, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to process information.
Electrical engineering
1. Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century. The first electrical engineer was probably William Gilbert who designed the versorium: a device that detected the presence of statically charged objects. He was also the first to draw a clear distinction between magnetism and static electricity and is credited with establishing the term electricity. In 1775 Alessandro Volta‘s scientific experimentations devised the electrophorus, a device that produced a static electric charge, and by 1800 Volta developed the voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery.
2. Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. This field first became an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electric power distribution and use. It now covers a wide range of subfields including electronics, digital computers, power engineering, telecommunications, control systems, RF engineering, and signal processing.
3. Electrical engineering may include electronic engineering. Where a distinction is made, usually outside of the United States, electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with systems such as electric power transmission and electrical machines, whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of electronic systems including computers, communication systems, integrated circuits, and radar. From a different point-of-view, electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit electric power, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to process information.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What does electrical engineering concerned with mainly?
The letter must be as _______ as possible.
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Telephone lines were designed to carry the human 1_______, not electronic data from a computer. Modems were invented to convert 2_______ computer signals into a form that allows them to travel over the 3_______ lines. Those are the scratchy sounds you hear from a modem’s speaker. A modem on the other end of the line can understand it and 4_______ the sounds back into digital information that the computer can understand. By the way, the word modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator.
Telephone lines were designed to carry the human 1_______, not electronic data from a computer. Modems were invented to convert 2_______ computer signals into a form that allows them to travel over the 3_______ lines. Those are the scratchy sounds you hear from a modem’s speaker. A modem on the other end of the line can understand it and 4_______ the sounds back into digital information that the computer can understand. By the way, the word modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator.
The most recent state to join the USA was …
Выберите нужный суффикс, чтобы образовать слово от предложенного to direct.
Money paid by a government to reduce the costs of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low is a …
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What is the most common rolled product?
Rolling is the most common metalworking process. More than 90 percent of the aluminum, steel and copper produced is rolled at least once in the course of production. The most common rolled product is sheet. Rolling can be done either hot or cold. If the rolling is finished cold, the surface will be smoother and the product stronger.
What is the most common rolled product?
Rolling is the most common metalworking process. More than 90 percent of the aluminum, steel and copper produced is rolled at least once in the course of production. The most common rolled product is sheet. Rolling can be done either hot or cold. If the rolling is finished cold, the surface will be smoother and the product stronger.
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Manager: «Your promotion has been declined».
Employee: «_______________».
Manager: «Your promotion has been declined».
Employee: «_______________».
St. Bernard dogs are named after a monastery high up in …
Please buy some fruit _______ the way home.
Формой притяжательного падежа подчеркнутого имени существительного Ann – bag является …
All our _______ receive four weeks paid holiday per year.
Выберите правильную ответную фразу.
I’m terribly sorry.
I’m terribly sorry.
Перед Вами конверт.
Употребите глагол в нужном времени.
If I _______ a million pound, I would give it to the charity organization.
If I _______ a million pound, I would give it to the charity organization.
Употребите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола.
What _______ you doing at this time yesterday?
What _______ you doing at this time yesterday?
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Teacher 1: «_______________».
Teacher 2: «I’ll think it over».
Teacher 1: «_______________».
Teacher 2: «I’ll think it over».
The famous Battle of Trafalgar which resulted in the victory of the British fleet and the death of the national hero Admiral Nelson was fought in …
Galileo Galilei discovered an important principle about gravity – that the rate at which an object _______ is not related to its weight.
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Mary: «I’m afraid I’ve been keeping that book of yours too long».
Susan: «_____________»
Mary: «I’m afraid I’ve been keeping that book of yours too long».
Susan: «_____________»
Употребите нужное местоимение.
This pen is bad. I cannot write with _______.
This pen is bad. I cannot write with _______.
You ________ wash the car. The paint is still wet.
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How Batteries Work
1. An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first Voltaic pile in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, the battery has become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.
2. Inside the battery itself, a chemical reaction produces the electrons. The speed of electron production by this chemical reaction (the battery's internal resistance) controls how many electrons can flow between the terminals. Electrons flow from the battery into a wire, and must travel from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to take place. That is why a battery can be stored on a shelf for a year and still have plenty of power. Once you connect a wire, the reaction starts.
3. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
How Batteries Work
1. An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first Voltaic pile in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, the battery has become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.
2. Inside the battery itself, a chemical reaction produces the electrons. The speed of electron production by this chemical reaction (the battery's internal resistance) controls how many electrons can flow between the terminals. Electrons flow from the battery into a wire, and must travel from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to take place. That is why a battery can be stored on a shelf for a year and still have plenty of power. Once you connect a wire, the reaction starts.
3. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
The train is to arrive ________ a quarter of an hour.
Little children like books with large print. They ________ read them more easily.
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English is very popular nowadays. It’s the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. English is an amazing language, the language of great literature. Half of the world’s scientific literature is published in English. Nearly half of the world’s business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It’s the language of sports and glamour, the official language of the Olympic Games and the Miss Universe Competition.
English is very popular nowadays. It’s the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. English is an amazing language, the language of great literature. Half of the world’s scientific literature is published in English. Nearly half of the world’s business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It’s the language of sports and glamour, the official language of the Olympic Games and the Miss Universe Competition.
It is more shameful to distrust one’s friends than to be deceived by …
Употребите нужную форму глагола.
I _______ to the news on television at nine o’clock last night.
I _______ to the news on television at nine o’clock last night.
Перед Вами конверт.
Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.
Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.
Walk ________ the station, but turn right a couple of blocks before you get there.
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Student: «Could you help me?»
Librarian: «_____________?»
Student: «Could you help me?»
Librarian: «_____________?»
She was so ________ that she lost all her money at the casino.
Though the report lasted for a long time, the speaker _______ to with great attention.
The first miniskirt was designed in Great Britain and from there it ______ to all parts of the world.
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